Social network analysis: Exploring connections to advance military nursing science.

BACKGROUND: Military nurse scientists are embedded in service-affiliated branches (Army, Navy, Air Force) with different missions, but with the singular purpose of generating and disseminating research impacting the health and well-being of DoD beneficiaries. PURPOSE: This project examines collaboration among TriService Nursing Research Program (TSNRP) members, seeking opportunities to strengthen, diversify, and expand research collaboration. METHOD: Social network analysis (SNA) is the empirical inquiry of relations among social actors at different levels of analysis. An electronic SNA assessment and total enumerative sampling were used to explore current collaborations among PhD-prepared military nurse scientists (N = 136). FINDINGS: The TSNRP collaboration network has a complex service-driven structure with high status actors whose advice, knowledge, or skills are sought by others, and who function as connectors or bridges across service branches. DISCUSSION: For military scientists, SNA is instrumental in identifying influential individuals, visualizing opportunities for intraservice mentoring, designing responsive policy, and directing career opportunities for novice scientists.

Oficiais enfermeiros no hospital militar no ano de 1995 / Oficiales enfermeros en el hospital militar en el año de 1995 / Nursing officers at the military hospital in the year of 1995

Resumo Objetivo analisar a lotação e distribuição da primeira turma de oficiais enfermeiros, ao término do Curso de Formação de Oficiais, com a patente de 2º Tenente, no Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1995. Método estudo histórico em fontes documentais escritas e orais produzidas por meio de 19 entrevistas, sendo 18 oficiais enfermeiros e um civil. Os conceitos de poder simbólico e capital de Pierre Bourdieu consubstanciaram a análise dos achados. Resultados a classificação obtida no curso de formação de oficiais e a experiência profissional, embora com menor peso, foram preponderantes na distribuição nos setores do hospital. Considerações finais e implicações para prática os critérios de antiguidade da vida militar influenciaram na configuração da equipe de enfermagem no hospital militar. Destaca-se que a ocupação das chefias pelos oficiais enfermeiros foi determinada pelo capital incorporado no estágio probatório, o qual foi institucionalizado pela patente.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la capacidad y la distribución de la primera clase de oficiales enfermeros al término del Curso de Formación de Oficiales, con el grado de 2º Teniente, en el Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, en 1995. Método estudio histórico en fuentes de documentos escritos y orales producidos a través de 19 entrevistas, 18 de las cuales fueron enfermeras y una civil. Los conceptos de poder simbólico y capital de Pierre Bourdieu fundamentaron el análisis de los hallazgos. Resultados la clasificación obtenida en el curso de formación para oficiales y la experiencia profesional predominaron en la distribución en los sectores hospitalarios, aunque con menor peso. Conclusión e implicaciones para práctica los criterios de antigüedad en la vida militar influyeron en la configuración del equipo de enfermería. Se destaca que la ocupación de los comandos por oficiales enfermeros fue determinada por el capital incorporado en la etapa probatoria, institucionalizada por el grado.

Abstract Objective to analyze the capacity and distribution of the first class of nurse officers, at the end of the Officer Training Course, with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant, at the Hospital Central da Polícia Militar of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in 1995. Method historical study in written and oral documentary sources produced through 19 interviews, of which 18 are nurse officers and one civilian. Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic power and capital substantiated the analysis of the findings. Results the classification obtained in the training course for officers and professional experience, although with less weight, were preponderant for the distribution in the hospital sectors. Final considerations and implications for practice the criteria of seniority in military life influenced the configuration of the nursing team at the military hospital. It is noteworthy that the occupation of the heads by the nurse officers was determined by the capital incorporated in the probationary period, which was institutionalized by the patent.

Military nursing: A primer for new recruits.

This article offers an overview of military nursing and provides three examples that illustrate how nurses can advance their careers within each service.

Military Nursing in "Operation Return to Brazil": aeromedical evacuation in the coronavirus pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience of military nursing in "Operation Return to Brazil" in an aeromedical evacuation. METHOD: this is an experience report of the nursing staff in the Aeromedical Evacuation of potentially-contaminated Brazilians who were in Wuhan, China, after the outbreak of the new coronavirus. RESULTS: the report was constructed from nursing care performed in three stages: pre-flight, screening, and flight. Pre-flight care would include aircraft configuration and material prediction. In screening, the staff was concerned with being properly attired. In the health assessment of returnees, in-flight, attention was focused on Personal Protective Equipment handling to minimize the risk of contamination by prolonged contact with potentially-contaminated passengers. Final considerations: nursing was committed to planning all the actions of this mission, which was one of the longest, strenuous and unprecedented in the history of aeromedical transport in Brazil.

Air medical evacuation in patients with post craniectomy

OBJECTIVE: Medical air evacuation has some effect including hypoxia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), dehydration and gas development in the body cavity. METHOD: Descriptive qualitative research method with a case study approach has been carried out and participatory observation of the process of medical air evacuation in patients with Hematoma Post Craniectomy Et Causa Frontoparietalis Sub Dural by using flight documentation forms before flight and post flight. RESULTS: The results showed that the nursing care provided by flight nurses to patients was to anticipate conditions during the flight including pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that air medic evacuation conducted by an air nurse can run well starting from the evacuation preparation which consists of patient preparation, administration preparation, aircraft preparation and medical equipment so that during the flight the patient's condition is stable until arriving at the destination

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Military Nursing in "Operation Return to Brazil": aeromedical evacuation in the coronavirus pandemic / Enfermería militar en la "Operación Regreso a Brasil": evacuación aeromédica en la pandemia de coronavirus / Enfermagem Militar na "Operação Regresso ao Brasil": evacuação aeromédica na pandemia do coronavirus

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the experience of military nursing in "Operation Return to Brazil" in an aeromedical evacuation. Method: this is an experience report of the nursing staff in the Aeromedical Evacuation of potentially-contaminated Brazilians who were in Wuhan, China, after the outbreak of the new coronavirus. Results: the report was constructed from nursing care performed in three stages: pre-flight, screening, and flight. Pre-flight care would include aircraft configuration and material prediction. In screening, the staff was concerned with being properly attired. In the health assessment of returnees, in-flight, attention was focused on Personal Protective Equipment handling to minimize the risk of contamination by prolonged contact with potentially-contaminated passengers. Final considerations: nursing was committed to planning all the actions of this mission, which was one of the longest, strenuous and unprecedented in the history of aeromedical transport in Brazil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la experiencia de enfermería militar en la "Operación Regreso a Brasil" en una evacuación aeromédica. Método: este es un informe de experiencia del equipo de enfermería, en la evacuación aeromédica de brasileños potencialmente contaminados que se encontraban en Wuhan, China, después del brote del nuevo coronavirus. Resultado: el informe se construyó a partir de la atención de enfermería realizada en tres etapas: pre-vuelo, detección y vuelo. En el prevuelo, el cuidado incluyó la configuración de la aeronave y el pronóstico del material. En la evaluación, al equipo le preocupaba estar bien preparado. En la evaluación de la salud de los retornados, durante el vuelo, la atención se centró en el manejo de equipos de protección personal para minimizar el riesgo de contaminación por contacto prolongado con pasajeros potencialmente contaminados. Consideraciones finales: la enfermería se comprometió a planificar todas las acciones de esta misión, que fue una de las más largas, extenuantes y sin precedentes en la historia del transporte aeromédico en Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a experiência da enfermagem militar na Operação Regresso ao Brasil em uma evacuação aeromédica. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência da equipe de enfermagem, na evacuação aeromédica dos brasileiros potencialmente contaminados que estavam em Wuhan, China, após o surto do novo coronavírus. Resultado: o relato foi construído a partir de cuidados de enfermagem realizados em três etapas: pré-voo, triagem e voo. No pré-voo, os cuidados incluíram a configuração da aeronave e a previsão do material. Na triagem, a equipe preocupou-se em estar devidamente aparamentada. Na avaliação de saúde dos repatriados, durante voo, concentrou-se a atenção no manejo dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual para minimizar o risco de contaminação pelo contato prolongado, com passageiros potencialmente contaminados. Considerações finais: a enfermagem empenhou-se no planejamento de todas as ações dessa missão, que foi uma das mais longas, extenuantes e inéditas da história do transporte aeromédico do Brasil.

Aspectos logísticos y sanitarios de la atención a migrantes. La experiencia española en la operación EUNAVFOR MED SOPHIA / Logistic and sanitary aspects of attention to migrants. The Spanish experience in the EUNAVFOR MED SOPHIA operation

Actualmente, somos testigos en Europa del mayor número de desplazamientos de los que se tienen constancia en la historia, a consecuencia de la persecución, los conflictos armados, la violencia o la inestabilidad económica y social reinante en Oriente Medio y en numerosos países africanos y de Asia Meridional. Estos hechos junto a la proximidad a las costas europeas han hecho que en los últimos tiempos la ruta del Mediterráneo Central se haya convertido en la más utilizada por los migrantes para alcanzar Europa. La magnitud en cifras de este fenómeno ha llegado a ser tan elevada junto con el importante número de vidas que se han perdido en la mar han hecho que la comunidad internacional ha reaccionado de forma contundente poniendo en marcha la OPERACIÓN EUNAVFOR MED SOPHIA. El objetivo del presente artículo es proporcionar conocimientos sobre esta realidad que supone la inmigración a través de rutas marítimas, los aspectos logísticos y médicos relacionados con la atención y asistencia a migrantes a bordo de los buques de la Armada Española y revisar la bibliografía publicada sobre el tema

Currently, we are witnesses in Europe of the greatest number of displacements recorded in history, as a result of persecution, armed conflicts, violence or the economic and social instability prevailing in the Middle East and in many African countries and South Asia. These facts, together with the proximity to the European coasts have meant that in recent times the Central Mediterranean route has become the most used by migrants to reach Europe. The magnitude of this phenomenon has become so high, that together with the important number of lives that have been lost at sea, have caused that the international community reacts mightly launching the OPERATION EUNAVFOR MED SOPHIA. The objective of this article is to provide knowledge on this reality that involves immigration through maritime routes, logistics and medical aspects related to the care and assistance to migrants on board of the Spanish Navy vessels, and review the published literature on the theme

Organización de los cuidados de enfermería en la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939): un abordaje histórico / Organization of nursing care in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): a historical approach / Organização dos cuidados de enfermagem na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936- 1939): uma abordagem histórica

La solución de los problemas de salud, así como el auxilio a los heridos durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939), fueron gestionados por entidades nacionales e internacionales en los frentes sublevado y republicano, con una demanda sanitaria muy elevada. OBJETIVO: Conocer las organizaciones socio-sanitarias que apoyaron a los bandos nacional y republicano; describir la formación sanitaria impartida durante 1936-1939; destacar el trabajo asistencial desempeñado en la contienda por la mujer. MÉTODO: Estudio histórico descriptivo con fuentes primarias y secundarias. Que tratan sobre, las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales que cooperaron durante la guerra, y el personal sanitario profesional y voluntario que realizó cuidados y recibió formación en salud durante 1936-1939. RESULTADOS: Mientras que el bando sublevado fue asistido por la Cruz Roja, enfermeras de la Falange y un sinfín de voluntarios con breve formación sanitaria, el frente popular fue auxiliado por la Cruz Roja, las Brigadas Internacionales, el Socorro Rojo Internacional y asociaciones feministas. CONCLUSIÓN: La Guerra Civil estuvo marcada por una ingente cantidad de heridos, a los que el personal sanitario y voluntario dispensó la atención sanitaria con valor y entrega, aun a pesar del peligro existente. Éstos fueron incluso capaces de atender con humanidad

The resolution of health problems in the population, as well as the assistance to injured people during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1938), were achieved in the Insurgent and republican fronts by national and international organizations. That health care was extremely demanded. organizations that supported in the national and republican fronts; to describe the health training taught during 1936-39, and also to emphasize the health care worked during the war by women. Method: It is a descriptive and historical review, based on primary and secondary sources, which investigate: 1) national and international organizations which cooperate with Spain during the war; 2) health professionals and volunteers who cared and were taught in health during 1936-39. RESULTS: Whereas the insurgent camp was assisted by the Red Cross, Falange's nurses and volunteers without health training, the republican camp was helped by the Red Cross, International Brigades, International Red Aid and also feminist associations. CONCLUSIONS: The Civil War was marked bya huge number of injured, nevertheless, all the health professionals and volunteers dispensed health care with courage and dedication, even in spite of the danger. They were able to assistance each people with humanity

A solução dos problemas de saúde, bem como a assistência aos feridos durante a guerra civil espanhola (1936-1939), foi realizada pela frente rebelde e republicana, por entidades nacionais e internacionais, com um investimento muito elevado naatenção à saúde. OBJETIVO: Conhecer as organizações socio-sanitárias que apoiaram o lado nacional e republicano; descrever o treino em saúde desenvolvido durante os anos 1936-1939; destacar o trabalho assistência realizado naguerra pelas mulheres. MÉTODO: Estudo histórico descritivo, comfontes primárias e secundárias, questionando sobre: as organizações nacionais e internacionais que cooperaram durante a guerra; o pessoal de saúde profissional e voluntário que realizou a assistência; e o treino de saúde recebido durante 1936-1939. RESULTADOS:O lado rebelde foi assistido pela Cruz Vermelha, enfermeiras da Falange. e uma série de voluntários sem treino emsaúde; enquanto a frente popular foi auxiliada pela Cruz Vermelha, pelas Brigadas Internacionais, pelo Socorro Vermelho Internacional e por associações feministas. CONCLUSÕES: A Guerra Civil foi marcada por um grande número de feridos, no entanto, todos os profissionais de saúde e voluntários dispensaram cuidados de saúde com valor e entrega, mesmo apesar doperigo existente, podendo ainda atender a todos as pessoas com humanidade

Propuesta de un diseño de carrera profesional para la enfermería militar / A proposal for military nursing career design

Introducción: En ausencia, en la actualidad, de un modelo de carrera profesional para enfermería militar se propone un diseño que, buscando la excelencia profesional, dé respuesta a las necesidades de la organización. Objetivo: Diseñar una propuesta de carrera profesional para la enfermería militar. Material y Métodos: Se diseñó un modelo de carrera profesional basado en tres variables, contempladas por la Ley de Carrera Militar: capacitación para asumir puestos de mayor responsabilidad, ascenso a sucesivos empleos militares y ocupación de destinos. Población y muestra: Personal en activo en la Escala de Oficiales Enfermeros (E.O.E.). Recogida de datos: Se obtuvieron datos, a través de la Dirección General de Personal, de la situación actual de la E.O.E. (años de servicio, empleos, efectivos/empleo, años/empleo). Se realizó una búsqueda de información en relación con todos los modelos propuestos en España por las Comunidades Autónomas (CC.AA.), así como, la legislación militar y civil de aplicación en este ámbito. Resultados: Se propone un modelo de carrera profesional en base a cinco grados correspondiendo con otros tantos empleos militares. Se describen las funciones y tipo de destino a ocupar de acuerdo al nivel de desempeño profesional. Conclusiones: Es preciso desarrollar un modelo de carrera profesional para la enfermería militar que oriente la trayectoria individual de sus componentes, la catalogación de puestos, los sistemas de evaluación y la formación precisa para alcanzar diversos niveles competenciales en base a las necesidades de las Fuerzas Armadas

Introduction: Due to the current inexistence of a specific professional career for the military nurses, this paper aims to propose a design that both stresses professional excelence and meets the needs of the organisation. Objectives: To design a proposal for the military nursing career. Materials and Methods: This new model for professional career was based on the three dimensions considered by the "Ley de Carrera Militar" (Military Career Law): abiltation to assume positions of higher responsibility, promotion to successive military positions and destination occupation. Population and Sample: Serving staff in the Official Military Nurse Scale (OMNS). Data gathering: Data were obtained through the "Dirección General de Personal" concerning current situations (service years, positions, effectives/ position, years/position). An information search was conducted through all the models proposed in Spain by the Autonomous Communities, and the relevant legislation, both military and civil. Results: The proposed model of nursing professional career is based on five degrees corresponding to the same number of military positions. The functions and type of destination are described according to the level of professional performance. Conclusions: It seems necessary to introduce a new model of professional career useful to guide the individual trajectory of the military nurses, the position lists, the evaluation systems and the required training to reach the different performance levels according to the needs of the Armed Forces

Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004-2008.

Recorded history allows us to recognize our past and can contribute to the present and future nursing practice. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the United States Air Force Nursing Executive leadership on military health care transformation, through Major General (Retired) Melissa A. Rank's personal stories and experiences. This study explores the development and impact of Air Force nursing in its historical, social, and global context between the years of 2004-2008. The oral history method was used to explore and record the professional life experiences of a great military nurse leader. The United States Air Force Nurse Corps has contributed to global healthcare via humanitarian medical support, medical disaster relief, aeromedical patient transport, development of best practices, advances in technology, education programs, and transformation in deployed medical care during times of war, peace, and natural disasters.

[From corpsman to rescuer, the missed nurse's ideal towards the end of italian Risorgimento]. / Da portaferiti a soccorritore, l'ideale mancato di infermiere militare sul finir del Risorgimento italiano.

INTRODUCTION: Military corps have always been supported by healthcare providers who took care of the injured and sick soldiers. Traditionally the military nurse's figure has never been fully appreciated to the point that, even nowadays, it is still searching for its own identity. AIM: The aim of the study is to describe the military nurse's role from the Second War for Italian Independence (1859) to the conquest of Rome (1870). METHODS: Historical investigation. Secondary sources were consulted to carry out a geopolitical and historical contextualization of the reference period, while to trace the military nurse's evolution the team referred to primary sources. All the mentioned sources were analyzed according to Chabod's methodology (2012). RESULTS: The military nurse was born as a corpsman. The Risorgimento wars contributed to highlight the major contribution that nurses could give to military healthcare. In 1863 the Ministry of War elaborated a new and innovative profile for military nurses which foresaw particular physical and moral requirements, but also specific competences. Even though a new ideal of nurse was created, the Military Nurses Corp did not experience any changes: the nurses' activities remained transporting the injured and assisting doctors. CONCLUSIONS: Primary sources analysis highlighted an important attention towards the military nurse's role and education after national unity, although the gap shown by the military healthcare service during the Risorgimento battles was evident. Such condition facilitated the development of the first rescue committees which became, at a later time, the International Red Cross. The committees popularity allowed the volunteers to gain higher fame and social prestige than military nurses.

Informe sobre necesidades de formación en nuevas tecnologías de los enfermeros militares / Report on training needs in new technologies for military nurses

ANTECEDENTES: En los últimos años, la Sanidad Militar ha ido incorporando diferentes innovaciones tecnológicas para mejorar la calidad y la eficiencia asistencial y resolver las necesidades sanitarias, tanto de los centros de la Red Hospitalaria Militar como de las Unidades Sanitarias desplazadas. El enfermero militar ha tenido que adaptar su forma de trabajar a las características de los nuevos sistemas, por lo que debe desarrollar nuevos conocimientos y competencias, con la formación tecnológica adecuada y los recursos y dispositivos necesarios y más actualizados. OBJETIVOS: Hacer un sondeo sobre la formación tecnológica de los enfermeros militares y los medios de los que disponen y descubrir los problemas que se encuentran. METODOLOGÍA: Encuesta a 33 enfermeros destinados en diversas unidades de las Fuerzas Armadas sobre los medios tecnológicos de los que disponen y la formación recibida. RESULTADOS: Existen equipos y sistemas obsoletos y deficiencias en la formación de los enfermeros

ANTECEDENS: In recent years, the Military Health has been incorporating different technological innovations to improve the quality and efficiency of care and to solve the health needs of both the centers of the Military Hospital Network and the displaced Health Units. The military nurse has had to adapt his way of working to the characteristics of the new systems, so he must develop new knowledge and skills, with the appropriate technological training and the necessary and most updated resources and devices. Objectives: To carry out a survey on the technological training of the military nurses and the means at their disposal and to discover the problems that are found. Methodology: Survey of 33 nurses assigned to various units of the Armed Forces about the technological means available to them and the training received. Results: There are obsolete equipment and systems and deficiencies in the training of nurses

Informe sobre la actuación del Oficial Enfermero en la misión Tritón de los Buques Oceánicos de la Guardia Civil / Report on the performance of the Nursing Officer in the mission Tritón of the Oceanic ships of the Civil Guard

La colaboración de la Guardia Civil con la Unión Europea a través de FRONTEX ha incrementado el número misiones de los Buques Oceánicos de la Guardia Civil en el Mediterráneo para aumentar el control de los flujos migratorios, lo que hace que, además de una función policial, sus operaciones se conviertan en misiones humanitarias, rescatando a miles de personas. En cada uno de estos buques va un Oficial Enfermero cuya labor es tan importante como la del resto de los miembros de la tripulación

The cooperation of Guardia Civil with the European Union through FRONTEX has increased the number of missions of the Oceanic Vessels of the Civil Guard in the Mediterranean sea for a better control of migration flows. Therefore, in addition to a police role, its operations turn into humanitarian missions, rescuing thousands of people. Into each vessel there is a Nurse Officer whose work is as important as that of the rest of the crew members

Louisa May Alcott and Hospital Sketches: An innovative approach to gender and nursing professionalization.

AIM: To show the development of an emerging nursing profession through the eyes of Louisa May Alcott and Hospital Sketches. BACKGROUND: In Hospital Sketches, Louisa May Alcott recounts her experiences when she worked as a nurse of injured soldiers during the American Civil War, in an autobiographically and masked-referential way, which allows her to negotiate between transgression and convention. Unlike other reviews, in this paper the relevance of nursing remains highlighted. DESIGN: Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES: Existing literature in databases, history books and our own reading of facts. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Illuminating overlooked meanings hidden in nurses' personal sources enables to approach their contribution to history, improve their visibility and project the future of nursing. Nursing care, whether domestic or professional, was and remains a catalyst for change. CONCLUSION: Through Alcott's words, we understand the transition of nursing care as a gradual extension of the middle-class woman's domestic role and a progressive definition of nurses' identity. In particular, we highlight how certain professional nursing nuances which appear in the text are compatible with the gradual extension of the boundaries of women's domesticity. Furthermore, Alcott's use of literary devices reveals the delicate balance between women's domestic role and some new nursing professional features, which anticipates nursing professionalization.

Twenty years of staffing, practice environment, and outcomes research in military nursing.

BACKGROUND: Two decades ago, findings from an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report sparked the urgent need for evidence supporting relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. PURPOSE: This article provides an overview of nurse staffing, practice environment, and patient outcomes research, with an emphasis on findings from military studies. Lessons learned also are enumerated. METHOD: This study is a review of the entire Military Nursing Outcomes Database (MilNOD) program of research. DISCUSSION: The MilNOD, in combination with evidence from other health care studies, provides nurses and leaders with information about the associations between staffing, patient outcomes, and the professional practice environment of nursing in the military. Leaders, therefore, have useful empirical evidence to make data-driven decisions. The MilNOD studies are the basis for the current Army nursing dashboard, and care delivery framework, called the Patent CaringTouch System. CONCLUSION: Future research is needed to identify ideal staffing based on workload demands, and provide leaders with factors to consider when operationalizing staffing recommendations.

Elvira López Maurín, la primera enfermera militar de la aviación sanitaria española. La historia de un acto heroico olvidado / Elvira López Maurín, the first female soldier of Spanish healthcare aviation. Story of a heroic, forgotten act

La noche del día 1 de noviembre de 1922 marcaría el inicio de las actividades de la Aviación Sanitaria de España. En esta noche se desplazaría por primera vez un equipo quirúrgico completo, en tres aviones de guerra, desde el aeródromo de Nador (Melilla) hasta Dar-Drius con el propósito de atender a los múltiples heridos que acudían después de los combates en el frente de Tizzi Azza. A la importancia histórica de este vuelo se sumó el hecho de presentarse voluntaria la enfermera Elvira López Maurín, que por su condición de mujer, no tenía la obligación de volar en un avión de guerra en esta época. Esta valerosa actitud junto con su afán por socorrer a los heridos más allá de su deber fueron recogidos como una acción heroica en todos los medios de comunicación. En los días posteriores fue felicitada en distintas audiencias por el Rey Alfonso XIII, la Reina Victoria Eugenia, el presidente del Gobierno, Ministro de la Guerra y Comisario Regio de la Cruz Roja, distinguida y recompensada por dicha acción. Por este hecho heroico el impacto en los medios de comunicación del comienzo de esta nueva forma de trasporte sanitario fue mayor. La trayectoria de esta enfermera coincide con el comienzo de la enfermería profesional en España. Este suceso transcendente para la historia de la Medicina, la Aviación y la Enfermería española ha quedado en el olvido por los profesionales sanitarios de esta disciplina no habiéndose recogido en profundidad en ninguna publicación

The night of November, 1 1922 represented the starting point of Healthcare Aviation in Spain. Fort the first time, a full surgical team travelled, by three military aircraft, from the aerodrome of Nador (Melilla) to Dar-Drius in order to attend the numerous wounded resulting from the combats along the Tizzi Azza front line. The historic importance of the flight was coupled by the fact of counting on the voluntary nurse Elvira López Maurín who, due to her gender, did not have to fly in the aircraft at that time. Her brave attitude and her eagerness to help the wounded beyond the limits of duty were considered a heroic action by the media. Some days later, she was both congratulated in several ceremonies (by their Majesties King Alfonso XIII and Queen Victoria Eugenia, the President of the Government, the Ministre of War and the Red Cross Royal Deputy), distinguished and rewarded. Her heroism was directly responsible for the increasing impact in the media of this new way of transportation. The vital trajectory of this nurse coincides with the initial development of professional nursing in Spain, this event being essential for the Spanish History of Medicine, Aviation and Nursing although it has remained obscured and forgotten by healthcare professionals for it has not been recorded in any publication so far

Adaptation of the Practice Environment Scale for military nurses: a psychometric analysis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to confirm the psychometric properties of Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index in a military population. This study also demonstrates association rule analysis, a contemporary exploratory technique. BACKGROUND: One of the instruments most commonly used to evaluate the nursing practice environment is the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Although the instrument has been widely used, the reliability, validity and individual item function are not commonly evaluated. Gaps exist with regard to confirmatory evaluation of the subscale factors, individual item analysis and evaluation in the outpatient setting and with non-registered nursing staff. DESIGN: This was a secondary data analysis of existing survey data. METHODS: Multiple psychometric methods were used for this analysis using survey data collected in 2014. First, descriptive analyses were conducted, including exploration using association rules. Next, internal consistency was tested and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure. The specified factor structure did not hold; therefore, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Finally, item analysis was executed using item response theory. The differential item functioning technique allowed the comparison of responses by care setting and nurse type. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that responses differ between groups and that several individual items could be removed without altering the psychometric properties of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The instrument functions moderately well in a military population; however, researchers may want to consider nurse type and care setting during analysis to identify any meaningful variation in responses.